what is ferulic acid ?

Ferulic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid, a type of organic compound. It is an abundant phenolic phytochemical found in plant cell wall components such as arabinoxylans as covalent side chains. It is related to trans-cinnamic acid. As a component of lignin, ferulic acid is a precursor in the manufacture of other aromatic compounds.

Ferulic acid is found in the seeds of coffee, apple, artichoke, peanut, and orange, as well as in both seeds and cell walls of commelinid plants (such as rice, wheat, oats, the Chinese water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) and pineapple).
In cereals, ferulic acid is localized in the bran the hard outer layer of grain. In wheat, phenolic compounds are mainly found in the form of insoluble bound ferulic acid and be relevant to resistance to wheat fungal diseases. The highest known concentration of ferulic acid glucoside has been found in flax seed (4.1 +/- 0.2 g). It is also found in barley grain.
Asterid Eudicot plants can also produce ferulic acid   The tea brewed from the leaves of yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius), a traditionally grown in the Northern and Central Andes, contains quantities of ferulic acid, as well as the tea brewed from the European centaury (Centaurium erythraea), a plant used as a medical herb in many parts of Europe. In legumes, the white bean variety navy bean is the richest source of ferulic acid among the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) varieties

what is Testosterone-Decanoate ?

The side-effects of Testosterone-Decanoate will be the same as all testosterone compounds; after all, testosterone is the same hormone regardless of the ester attached. As this is the case, the side-effects of Testosterone-Decanoate will largely surround its strong aromatizing nature; aromatization referring to the conversion of testosterone into estrogen. As estrogen levels increase, if they get too high this can lead to some of the most commonly associated anabolic steroidal side-effects on earth, but thankfully there is hope. Testosterone is one of the best steroids on earth for healthy adult men; not only because of the benefits, but equally important is its high level of toleration; that alone is a massive benefit.

Catalog No: 3B3-004632
CAS No: 5721-91-5
Molecular Formula: C29H46O3
Molecular Weight: 442.67
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what is Esomeprazole ?

Esomeprazole is used in the treatment of dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD/GERD) and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Esomeprazole is the S-enantiomer of omeprazole (marketed as Losec/Prilosec), and AstraZeneca claims improved efficacy of this single enantiomer product over the racemic  mixture of omeprazole. However, this greater efficacy has been disputed, with some claiming it offers no benefit from its older form.
 The primary uses of esomeprazole are gastroesophageal reflux disease, treatment and maintenance of erosive esophagitis, treatment of duodenal ulcers caused by H. pylori, prevention of gastric ulcers in those on chronic NSAID therapy, and treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers associated with Crohn's disease.
Esomeprazole is combined with the antibiotics clarithromycin and amoxicillin (or metronidazole in penicillin-hypersensitive patients) in the 7-14 day eradication triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori. Infection by H. pylori is the causative factor in the majority of peptic and duodenal ulcers.

Information about Sodium dichloroacetate

Sodium dichloroacetate has been shown to have numerous effects on pathways of intermediary metabolism. Experiments have reported the compound to inhibit gluconeogenesis and stimulate peripheral glucose utilization. It has additionally been found to facilitate oxidation of lactate via increase in activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase. This agent also demonstrates the ability to inhibit lipogenesis and cholesterolgenesis as well as its own metabolism. Furthermore, assays have found Sodium dichloroacetate to improve cardiac output and left ventricular mechanical efficiency via facilitation of myocardial metabolism of lactate and carbohydrate as opposed to fat. Other studies suggest that Sodium dichloroacetate may decrease proliferation and induce apoptosis in numerous cancer cell lines.
CAS: 2156-56-1
Molecular Formula:C2HCl2NaO2
Formula Weight:150.92
Description:
Melting point:198 ºC (dec.)
Boiling point:194°Cat760mmHg
Flash Point:75.6°C

what is Agkistrodon acutus ?

Agkistrodon acutus has a big head, triangle shape. There is a short and upwarp gibbosity formed by rostral and nose scales in rostral part. Head dorsal is blackish-brown, with large symmetrical scales and dimple. Its back  body is nut brown and dark brown, with a large square plaque in the middle of back. Ventral is white, with interlaced patches of dark brown. Its bodily form is short, the longest male 1335 +206 mm, females 1238 +165 mm. 
 It has been long said of medicinal value of Agkistrodon acutus, but as the main drug acutus, specifically for medical research of rheumatoid arthritis has not been the first time. Experts believe that Agkistrodon acutus venom has the function of expelling wind and remiving damness, anticoagulation and antithrombotic, removing fibrin, lower blood viscosity, expansion of blood vessels, improving microcirculation and reduce blood lipids. The medicinal value of Agkistrodon acutus venom is major applications in the treatment of rheumatic diseases.

the description of bicozamycin

The efficacy of bicozamycin, a poorly absorbable antibiotic, in the treatment of acute diarrhea was assessed in a prospective, double-blind study of 140 adults from the United States visiting Guadalajara, Mexico. Patients randomly received bicozamycin (500 mg orally four times daily) or placebo for 3 days. The mean duration of illness was shorter in the bicozamycin than the placebo treatment groups for patients with diarrhea due to Shigella (37 versus 96 hours; p = 0.01), toxigenic Escherichia coli (31 versus 60 hours; p = 0.003), and unknown pathogens (18 versus 41 hours; p = 0.02). Cramps were significantly relieved by bicozamycin in all patients. Treatment failed in significantly fewer patients treated with bicozamycin than those treated with placebo when diarrhea was associated with Shigella, Salmonella or toxigenic E. coli. bicozamycin was well tolerated and appears to be effective therapy for acute travelers' diarrhea of diverse causes. These data show the value of an antibiotic in the therapy of toxigenic E. coli infection and indicate a need to reevaluate the clinical dictum that nonabsorbable antibiotics are ineffective against invasive enteropathogens.

Information about Dimethylaminoethanol

Dimethylaminoethanol, also known as dimethylethanolamine (DMAE and DMEA respectively), is a primary alcohol. This compound also goes by the names of N,N-dimethyl-2-aminoethanol, beta-dimethylaminoethyl alcohol, beta-hydroxyethyldimethylamine and Deanol. It is a transparent, pale-yellow liquid.
Dimethylaminoethanol is used as a curing agent for polyurethanes and epoxy resins. It is also used in mass quantities for water treatment, and to some extent in the coatings industry. It is used in the synthesis of dyestuffs, textile auxiliaries, pharmaceuticals, emulsifiers, and corrosion inhibitors. It is also an additive to paint removers, boiler water and amino resins. It forms a number of salts with melting points below room temperature (ionic liquids) such as N,N-dimethylethanolammonium acetate and N,N-dimethylethanolammonium octanoate, which have been used as alternatives to conventional solvents.
2-Dimethylaminoethyl chloride hydrochloride is an intermediate made from dimethylaminoethanol that is widely used for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals.
DMAE (Dimethylaminoethanol) is a chemical naturally produced in the human brain. It is thought to be used by the body in converting choline to the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine (i.e., it is a precursor to acetylcholine). This is the basis for thinking that supplementing with DMAE will enhance brain activity.DMAE may also provide some benefit in patients with tardive dyskinesia.
CAS NO:108-01-0 
Molecular formula:C4H11NO
Molecular weight:89.14 g/mol

what is D-ribose ?

Some exciting studies have emerged showing how D-ribose affects active human heart tissue and its function.14,15 Investigators have shown how increased ATP levels translate into improved heart muscle function, better blood flow, and quicker recovery with protection from the ravages of reperfusion-induced oxidation.Ischemic (no blood flow) events such as a heart attack cause areas of the heart muscle to “hibernate” exactly as if they were awaiting a higher-energy environment to return to their normal rates of activity. Cardiologists at the Oregon Health Sciences.University studied this phenomenon in a group of patients with coronary artery disease, subjecting them to a “thallium stress test.”16 In this test, patients are injected with a radioactive tracer immediately following moderate exercise, and the distribution of the tracer is followed using special cameras. The patients received either D-ribose infusion or a placebo and the tests were repeated at four and 24 hours, respectively. The groups were then switched to receive the opposite preparation. The results were stunning—the images taken just four hours after D-ribose infusion revealed 21 areas of defective tissue that had not been seen in the placebo group, indicating that D-ribose was “waking up” viable areas of heart muscle and helping improve identification of viable ischemic heart muscle.16 A larger study published the same year showed similar results.17 These studies show that D-ribose not only enhances cardiologists’ ability to accurately gauge the degree of heart damage, but also suggest strongly that this supplement might hasten the recovery of healthy heart function following a heart attack.  

what is Griseofulvin ?

Griseofulvin  is an antifungal drug that is administered orally. It is used both in animals and in humans, to treat fungal infections of the skin (commonly known as ringworm) and nails. It is derived from the mold Penicillium griseofulvum.The drug binds to tubulin, interfering with microtubule function, thus inhibiting mitosis.
It binds to keratin in keratin precursor cells and makes them resistant to fungal infections. It is only when hair or skin is replaced by the keratin-griseofulvin complex that the drug reaches its site of action. Griseofulvin will then enter the dermatophyte through energy dependent transport processes and bind to fungal microtubules. This alters the processing for mitosis and also underlying information for deposition of fungal cell walls.
Griseofulvin is an antifungal drug that is administered orally. It is used both in animals and in humans, to treat fungal infections of the skin  and nails.
Griseofulvin is used orally only for dermatophytosis. It is ineffective topically. Griseofulvin is reserved for cases with nail, hair or large body surface involvement.When cancer cells divide , they use an unusual mechanism to ensure the correct genetic material is present within each of the resulting tumor cells. Laboratory experiments at the German Cancer Research Center  show that griseofulvin causes cancer cells to fail to divide the chromosomes correctly, which eventually leads to tumor cell death. Griseofulvin does not interfere with cell division in healthy cells. The observed effect is not strong, but is significant. Griseofulvin may be combined with other treatments to improve its effectiveness and may lead to the development of more effective future drug treatments with very low toxic side effects.
CAS:126-07-8
Molecular Formula:C17H17ClO6
Molecular Weight:352.77g/mol

Information about Rubidium chloride

Rubidium chloride is the alkali metal halide RbCl. This alkali halide finds diverse uses, from electrochemistry to molecular biology.
The sphalerite polymorph of rubidium chloride is extremely rare, resulting in few structural studies. The lattice energy, however, for this formation is predicted to nearly 40.0 kJ/mol smaller than those of the preceding structures.
Rubidium chloride has been shown to modify coupling between circadian oscillators via reduced photaic input to the suprachiasmatic nuclei. The outcome is a more equalized circadian rhythm, even for stressed organisms.
RbCl is an excellent non-invasive biomarker. The compound dissolves well in water and readily be taken up by organisms. Once broken in the body, Rb+ replaces K+ in tissues because they are from the same chemical group. An example of this is the use of a radioactive isotope to evaluate perfusion of heart muscle.
In its gas phase, RbCl is diatomic with a bond length estimated at 2.7868 Å.This distance increases to 3.285 Å for cubic RbCl, reflecting the higher coordination number of the ions in the solid phase.The NaCl polymorph is most common. A cubic close-packed arrangement of chloride anions with rubidium cations filling the octahedral holes describes this polymorph. Both ions are six-coordinate in this arrangement. This polymorph's lattice energy is only 3.2 kJ/mol less than the following structure's.
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what is Interferon-β (IFN-β) ?

Interferon-β (IFN-β) is an immunomodulatory agent that has been approved in >80 countries worldwide for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) with a relapsing course. Several studies have found IFN-β beneficial in reducing rates of relapse, whereas others have reported no benefit in this regard.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of published placebo-controlled clinical trials of IFN-β was conducted to determine the efficacy and tolerability of IFN-β in the maintenance of remission of MS and to examine variations in effectiveness according to type of IFN-β and subtype of MS.
PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (1966-May 2010) were searched for English-language reports of placebo- controlled trials on the efficacy and/or tolerability of IFN-β in MS. Three reviewers independently examined the abstracts of identified publications for relevance and extracted pertinent data from the selected reports. The key efficacy outcomes of interest were the number of patients with at least one relapse and the mean change in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores. The key tolerability outcomes were the number of discontinuations due to adverse events, number of deaths, and number of patients with completed suicides or suicide attempts. In addition, specific adverse events of interest (flulike symptoms, injection-site reactions, injection-site inflammation, myalgia, depression, leukopenia, lymphopenia, and increased alanine aminotransferase) were analyzed individually and compared between IFN-β and placebo.
Nine randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials of IFN-β met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. These studies included a total of 3980 patients with MS (2639 with secondary progressive MS, 50 with primary progressive MS, 359 with relapsing MS, and 932 with relapsing-remitting MS; 2552 women, 1428 men; mean age, 40.6 years) randomized to receive either IFN-β or placebo. Of those randomized to treatment, 1893 received IFN-β-1a or placebo, 2029 received IFN-β-1b or placebo, and 58 received natural IFN-β or placebo. The summary relative risks (RRs) for at least one relapse compared with placebo were as follows: 0.86 (95% CI, 0.76 to 0.97; P = 0.011) for all types of IFN-β across all subtypes of MS (7 trials); 1.11 (95% CI, 0.79 to 1.55) for all types of IFN-β in secondary progressive MS (SPMS) (3 trials); and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.57 to 1.05) for all types of IFN-β in relapsing-remitting MS (2 trials). The summary RR for at least one relapse across all types of MS was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.57 to 1.67) for IFN-β-1a (3 trials) and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.85 to 1.00; P = 0.042) for IFN-β-1b (3 trials). The summary RR for at least one relapse was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.75 to 1.14) in patients with SPMS receiving IFN-β-1b. The pooled effect sizes for the mean change in EDSS score with the IFN-β doses used in the Prevention of Relapses and Disability by Interferon beta-1a Subcutaneously in Multiple Sclerosis Accepted for publication August 19, 2010. study were -1.71 (95% CI, -4.70 to 1.28) for the 22-μg dose and -1.71 (95% CI, -4.70 to 1.27) for the 44-μg dose (2 trials). For the tolerability outcomes, the summary RRs were 2.76 (95% CI, 1.97 to 3.89; P < 0.001) for discontinuation due to adverse events (9 trials), 1.53 (95% CI, 0.45 to 5.15) for death (3 trials), and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.41 to 1.79) for completed suicides and suicide attempts (5 trials). The summary RRs for all adverse events of interest (with the exception of depression) were statistically significant for all types of IFN-β compared with placebo across all types of MS (P < 0.01).

the use of Carbendazim ?

Carbendazim is a widely used, broad-spectrum benzimidazole fungicide and a metabolite of benomyl. It is also employed as a casting worm control agent in amenity turf situations such as golf greens, tennis courts etc. and in some countries is licensed for that use only.
The fungicide is used to control plant diseases in cereals and fruits, including citrus, bananas, strawberries, pineapples, and pomes. It is also controversially used in Queensland, Australia on macadamia plantations.A 4.7% solution of Carbendazim ydrochloride, sold as Eertavas, is marketed as a treatment for Dutch elm disease.
Studies have found high doses of carbendazim cause infertility and destroy the testicles of laboratory animals.
Maximum pesticide residue limits (MRLs) have reduced since discovering its harmful effects. The MRLs for fresh produce in the EU are now between 0.1 and 0.7 mg/kg with the exception of loquat, which is 2 mg/kg. The limits for more commonly consumed citrus and pomme fruits are between 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg.

The application of nano aluminum oxide(al2o3) nanopowder/nanoparticles dispersion quid/solution

1. Transparent ceramics, high pressure sodium lamp, EP-ROM window
2. Cosmetic packing
3. alumo-yttrium garnet (YAG), Sapphire, ruby and sapphire
4. High strength alumina ceramics substrate plate, crucible, cutting tool,
5. Polishing materials, glass materials, metal materials, semiconducting material, plastic, magnetic tape, burnish belt.
6. Coating, painting, plastic, up-grade water-proof materials, fluorescent material, Resin material
7. analytical reagent, catalyst, catalytic carrier
Dosage:recommend adding amount is 0.5～10％
CAS #:1344-28-1
Molecular formula: Al2O3
MW: 101.96
Melting point: 2050 ℃
Boiling point: 2980 ℃
Our company adopts international advanced dispersion crafts to disperse 5-10nm nano alumina dioxide powder in water,forming highly dispersed,stabled and uniform nano alumina dioxide hydrophobic slurry.The slurry is activer and easier to add than powder.And the product has good dispersion, transparency, wear-resistance, good insulation property, can be widely used in the field of coating,painting, electroplating.
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Something about Solutol HS15

Solutol HS15 is also known as Polyethylene glycol stearate 15, polyethylene glycol -12 - hydroxy stearic acid.Solutol HS 15 is mainly used as a non-ionic solubilizer,it is used in injection, emulsions, liposomes and other formulations.Solutol HS 15 merits consideration as a potential therapeutic agent because of its effectiveness for reversing multidrug resistance in vitro and its low toxicity in vivo.
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Erlotinib

Erlotinib is an EGFR inhibitor. The drug follows Iressa (gefitinib), which was the first drug of this type. Erlotinib specifically targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase, which is highly expressed and occasionally mutated in various forms of cancer. It binds in a reversible fashion to the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding site of the receptor. For the signal to be transmitted, two EGFR molecules need to come together to form a homodimer. These then use the molecule of ATP to trans-phosphorylate each other on tyrosine residues, which generates phosphotyrosine residues, recruiting the phosphotyrosine-binding proteins to EGFR to assemble protein complexes that transduce signal cascades to the nucleus or activate other cellular biochemical processes. By inhibiting the ATP, formation of phosphotyrosine residues in EGFR is not possible and the signal cascades are not initiated.
CAS:183321-74-6
Molecular Formula:C22H23N3O4
Molecular Weight: 393.44g/mol
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Alpha-Chloralose

Alpha-Chloralose is an avicide, rodenticide used to kill mice in temperatures below 15 °C, and bird repellent. It is also widely used in neuroscience and veterinary medicine as an anesthetic and sedative.Chemically, it is a chlorinated acetal derivative of glucose.It is listed in Annex I of Directive 67/548/EEC with the classification Harmful (Xn).
Alpha-chloralose (AC) is an anaesthetic compound also used as a rodenticide, and has dose-dependent central nervous system mixed effects of excitation and depression. The objectives of this study were to detail the clinical and clinicopathological characteristics, as well as the treatment and prognosis, of AC toxicosis in dogs and cats. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for AC poisoning between the years 1989 and 2004, and 33 dogs and 13 cats were included in the study. The most common clinical signs were seizures, muscle tremor, hyperaesthesia, hypothermia, salivation, myosis, stupor, coma and ataxia.
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about Prostaglandin E1

Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), known pharmaceutically as alprostadil, is a prostaglandin. It is a drug used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction[2] and has vasodilatory properties. In healthy humans, Prostaglandin E1 is biosynthesized "on demand" at its intended site of action from Dihomo-γ-linolenic_acid. Alprostadil is also used in maintaining a patent ductus arteriosus in newborns. This is primarily useful when there is threat of premature closure of the ductus arteriosus in an infant with ductal-dependent congenital heart disease, including cyanotic lesions  and acyanotic lesions。Alprostadil is also used for critical limb ischemia. It increases blood flow by peripheral vasodilation within 5 minutes and induces angiogenesis. It is most effective when the ankle pressure is at least 30 mmHg and at least one tibial artery is patent.More about Prostaglandin E1

Berberine chloride hydrate

Berberine chloride hydrate occurs as yellow crystals or crystalline powder.It is odorless or has a faint,characteristic odor.It has a very bitter taste.It is sparingly soluble in methanol,sightly soluble in ethanol and very slightly soluble in water.Berberine Hydrochloride is an alkaloid derived from Chinese goldthread, bark of cork tree and other plants. It can be also synthesized in artificial method. It is used as raw material to make preparations, which are usually administered the treatment of intestinal infections. Category Bitter stomachic, Antibacterial.
CAS No.:141433-60-5
Synonyms: 5,6-Dihydro-9,10-dimethoxybenzo[g]-1,3-benzodioxolo[5,6-a]quinolizinium chloride hydrate
Molecular formula:  C20H18NO4.Cl.H2O
Molecular weight:  389.83
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The use of Ivermectin

Ivermectin is used to treat strongyloidiasis (threadworm; infection with a type of roundworm that enters the body through the skin, moves through the airways and lives in the intestines). Ivermectin is also used to control onchocerciasis (river blindness; infection with a type of roundworm that may cause rash, bumps under the skin, and vision problems including vision loss or blindness). Ivermectin is in a class of medications called anthelmintics. It treats strongyloidosis by killing the worms in the intestines. It treats onchocerciasis by killing the developing worms. Ivermectin does not kill the adult worms that cause onchocerciasis and therefore it will not cure this type of infection.

Ivermectin is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent, traditionally against worms.
It is mainly used in humans in the treatment of onchocerciasis, but is also effective against other worm infestations such as strongyloidiasis, ascariasis, trichuriasis, filariasis, enterobiasis, and some epidermal parasitic skin diseases, including scabies.
Ivermectin, under the brand name Mectizan, is currently being used to help eliminate river blindness  in the Americas, and to stop transmission of lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis around the world. Currently, large amounts of ivermectin are donated by Merck to fight river blindness in countries unable to afford the drug. The disease is endemic in 30 African countries, six Latin American countries, and Yemen, according to studies conducted by the World Health Organization.The drug rapidly kills microfilariae, but not the adult worms. A single oral dose of Ivermectin  taken annually for the 10- to 15-year lifespan of the adult worms, is all that is needed to protect the individual from onchocerciasis.

CAS:70288-86-7
Specification: EP5
Molecular Formula:C48H74O14
Molecular Weight:875.09g/mol

what is Enrofloxacin ?

Enrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic sold by the Bayer Corporation under the trade name Baytril. Enrofloxacin is currently approved by the FDA for the treatment of individual pets and domestic animals in the United States. In September 2005, the FDA withdrew approval of Baytril for use in water to treat flocks of poultry, as this practice was noted to promote the evolution of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of the bacterium Campylobacter, a human pathogen. Fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin are widely used in the treatment of human disease.
It is a bactericidal agent. The bactericidal activity of enrofloxacin is concentration-dependent, with susceptible bacteria cell death occurring within 20–30 minutes of exposure. Enrofloxacin has demonstrated a significant post-antibiotic effect for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and is active in both stationary and growth phases of bacterial replication.Enrofloxacin is a synthetic chemotherapeutic agent from the class of the fluoroquinolone carboxylic acid derivatives. It has antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Its mechanism of action is not thoroughly understood, but it is believed to act by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase (a type-II topoisomerase), thereby preventing DNA supercoiling and DNA synthesis.